Next, the title of the source should be written in italics, followed by the publishing information in parentheses. The author's name should be inverted so that their last name is listed first. When citing a source for the first time, you must include all proper information. Citations are needed if you are using a direct quote, as well as if you are paraphrasing material. The system requires authors to keep track of each source on the page it is referenced through a footnote, and to then compile an entire bibliography at the end of the text. It utilizes footnotes and endnotes heavily, as they are the primary source of citation for the work through the notes and bibliography system. ChicagoĬhicago style is the designated guide for history writing. Keeping the notes at the end of the sentence is recommended, but if you have multiple notes in one sentence, you may have to break them up after each clause. If you are telling readers they may want to check out multiple other books that pertain to a certain topic you are discussing, but you don't want to clog up the page and take the reader out of the writing, that would be a good place to use a footnote.Ī citation would look similar to APA, with superscript numbers following the punctuation in a phrase or clause. The MLA guide primarily uses footnotes to direct readers to additional source reading that may be helpful or interesting to them, known as bibliographical notes. Unlike APA, MLA does not encourage the use of explanatory footnotes, but it is allowed if necessary. The Modern Language Association created the MLA style guide, which is widely used in both secondary and post-secondary educational settings. It should be noted that APA does not typically recommend footnotes because they can be more expensive to print, so you should only use them if you feel the additional notes are crucial to your piece of writing. Its corresponding note should be located on the bottom of the page following the same superscript number. When creating the citation, the number should be in superscript following a piece of punctuation. No citation information is needed, so if you need to add a footnote to give the reader more information, you can simply list the note down below with the additional information immediately following the footnote marker. APA requires citations to be parenthetical, so their footnotes look different than some other guides. In APA style, footnotes are only used to offer a clarifying explanation, rather than to cite information. Its primary function relates to the social science field, but it has become the default choice for many other fields as well. APA, or American Psychological Association, is the primary guide used in colleges and academia.
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